Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management

Supply chain performance in the age of Industry 4.0

Tahsina Khan — 2025-02-05

Goal: This study investigates the impact of Industry 4.0 adoption on supply chain performance in Bangladesh’s manufacturing sector, emphasizing the mediating roles of digital supply chain integration, supply chain innovation, and supply chain visibility.

Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 570 manufacturing professionals in Bangladesh, with 350 valid responses collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS was applied to analyze the data and test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings: The findings reveal that Industry 4.0 adoption significantly enhances digital supply chain integration (DSCI), supply chain innovation (SCI), and supply chain visibility (SCV), which collectively improve overall supply chain performance. Specifically, Industry 4.0 adoption strengthens DSCI by enabling real-time communication, reducing process fragmentation, and supporting more efficient decision-making. It also fosters SCI by driving innovative practices, adaptability, and continuous improvement within the supply chain. Furthermore, Industry 4.0 adoption improves SCV, enhancing traceability, transparency, and risk management. These mediating factors demonstrate the critical role of Industry 4.0 technologies in achieving superior supply chain outcomes.

Research limitations/implications: The study's limitations include the use of convenience sampling and data from a single industry sector within a developing country, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research could explore additional variables and contexts to further validate these results.

Practical implications: The study provides actionable insights for manufacturing firms in developing economies on leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance supply chain performance. It also offers guidance for policymakers in supporting digital transformation initiatives.

Social implications: By highlighting the benefits of digital supply chain integration, the study contributes to broader societal goals of economic development and industrial competitiveness in emerging markets.

Originality/value: This study is among the first to empirically examine the impact of Industry 4.0 adoption on supply chain performance in Bangladesh, providing valuable insights for both practitioners and researchers.

Enterprise risk management manufacturing industry quality determinants

Ratna Marta Dhewi — 2025-01-26

Goal: Large manufacturing companies face significant risks due to importing raw materials and exposure to fluctuating exchange rates. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is vital in this sector to manage its distinctive risks. This study finds ERM factors in Indonesia and Malaysia that affect company value and empirically evaluates risk management in their organizations.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The factors that influence the quality of a company's ERM examined in this study include auditor quality, ownership concentration, board monitoring, gender on the board of commissioners, gender on the board of directors, and human capital. This study's population is 2018-2020; 300 Indonesian and 252 Malaysian manufacturing companies contributed 552 research observations.

Results: This study shows that a qualified auditor, board monitoring, gender ratio on the board of commissioners, and human capital may uncover ERM implementation issues. On the other hand, higher share ownership does not affect ERM. Implications for practitioners and suggestions for future researchers are also described.

Limitations of investigation: The crucial role of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in mitigating these unique industry risks, this study underscores the limitations inherent in factors such as auditor quality, ownership concentration, board monitoring, and gender diversity within corporate leadership.

Practical implication: The necessity for manufacturing companies to prioritize specific aspects of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in their organizational strategies.

Originality / Value: This research illuminates the nuanced interplay of factors shaping Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) efficacy within the dynamic context of the manufacturing industry.

Qualitative system dynamics model for composing industrial estate readiness factors

Siti Afiani Musyarofah — 2025-05-21

Goal: This paper analyzes the factors composing industrial estate (IE) readiness through Qualitative System Dynamics (SD) to provide an overview of the phenomena occurring in IE in Indonesia.

Design/Methodology/Approach: SD modeling analyzes all the factors that compose the IE's readiness. The stages were problem articulation, boundary selection, and formulation of the dynamic hypothesis by designing Model Boundary Diagrams (MBD) and Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD) using Vensim software.

Results: The CLD results capture the factors composing Indonesia's IE readiness model. Those factors include supply chain readiness, market readiness, human resources readiness, regulatory readiness, institutional readiness, and selection of the right industrial estate location. In addition, several policy recommendations are proposed to help overcome the problems faced by the development of IE in Indonesia.

Limitations of the investigation: The SD model used is still qualitative (up to the CLD stage), the factors that compose IE readiness have yet to be quantified, and there is no model validation. Further study is needed to quantify the model by obtaining empirical data and developing practical measurement indicators.

Practical implications: The model is expected to be beneficial for IE decision-makers and policymakers, including the government and other stakeholders, to develop the IE by measuring the readiness of IEs from all aspects so that the IE can attract more industrial tenants and optimize the IE occupancy rate will be optimal.

Originality / Value: Describe the cause-and-effect relationship model based on the diagram for IE readiness as a recommendation for designing a readiness measurement tool for IE development in Indonesia. In addition, it can complement existing readiness documents as evaluation material for developing IEs in Indonesia at this time.

A Structural Equation Model For Adopting Additive Manufacturing in the Footwear Firms Supply Chains

Tekalign Lemma — 2025-01-22

Goal: The objective of this research is to present a theoretical framework and explore how additive manufacturing (AM) techniques affect supply chain complexity (SCC) in the footwear sector.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study developed theoretical framework that includes AM best practices and SCC through extensive literature review. Using 1-5 likert scale surveys, data were gathered from 205 professionals working in 29 Ethiopian footwear industries in the period October 20 to December 23, 2023. The collected questionnaires were tested for reliability and validity, measurement and structural model fit test were checked using confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS v23 was used to evaluate the proposed correlations.

Results: The confirmatory factor analysis test result revealeld that measurement and structural equation model fit test fulfill the model fit test requirements, i.e. χ²/df < 5, CFI, GFI and TLI > 0.9, RMR and RMSEA < 0.08. The findigs of the study confirmed that additive manufacturing best practices (time, inventory, operation, and resource, energy and waste related factors) have positive effects on static and dynamic supply chain complexity.

Practical implications: This study helps the firm to focus on adoptation of AM for improving supply chain complexity. Furthermore, this study extended earlier research in the domains of SCM by building a theoretical framework that connects AM best practices with supply chain complexity factors.

Originality/value: This work bridges the scientific knowledge gap by combining supply chain complexity and AM best practices. Among others, it can contribute to the existing literature by illustrating the benefits of adopting AM technology particularly in footwear sector.

The Mediating Role of Supply Chain Responsiveness in the Relationship Between Key Supply Chain Drivers and Performance

Md Mehedi Hasan Emon — 2025-04-10

Goal: This study examines the relationships among key supply chain drivers supply chain agility (SCA), supply chain visibility (SCV), supplier collaboration (SC), and technology integration (TI) and their impact on supply chain performance (SCP), emphasizing the mediating role of supply chain responsiveness (SCR) in the FMCG sector in Bangladesh. By providing empirical insights into these interactions, the study aims to enhance both academic discourse and practical strategies for optimizing supply chain efficiency in a rapidly growing industry.

Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed among FMCG companies in Bangladesh. Out of 360 distributed questionnaires, 217 responses were collected, with 198 valid responses used for analysis. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) via Smart PLS 4 was applied to test the proposed relationships. The study assessed the measurement model for validity and reliability before evaluating the structural model to examine direct and mediating effects.

Findings: The results confirm that SCA and SCV significantly impact SCR, which in turn enhances SCP. While SC and TI do not have direct effects on SCP, they exert significant influence when mediated by SCR. These findings highlight the critical role of responsiveness in strengthening the effectiveness of key supply chain drivers in FMCG firms.

Practical implications: The study provides actionable insights for FMCG firms aiming to improve supply chain performance by enhancing agility, visibility, and responsiveness. Investments in digital integration and real-time monitoring can strengthen these relationships and drive operational excellence.

Social implications: By improving supply chain responsiveness, FMCG firms can enhance service efficiency, reduce lead times, and better meet consumer demands, ultimately contributing to a more resilient supply chain ecosystem in Bangladesh.

Originality/value: This study offers novel insights into the mediating role of SCR in supply chain management, particularly within an emerging market context. It expands existing literature by integrating responsiveness as a key factor in performance enhancement.

Limitations: The study is limited to the FMCG sector in Bangladesh and relies on cross-sectional data. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and comparative analyses across industries.

A Machine Learning Method to improve Supplier Delivery Appointments in Supply Chain Industries

Anitha Palakshappa — 2025-01-22

Goal: The paper aims at the customization of supplier schedules upon the priority of key articles. It aims at the prediction of an appointment to a supplier based on the key aspects. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the machine learning algorithms can be used to predict the delivery dates of the products based on the trained data.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The prediction method uses a machine learning approach. Prediction algorithms namely, Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) are used for forecasting. The appointment is assigned to a supplier based on the delivery date of a previous supplier order. If a supplier requests a prior date, then the average sales and opening stock of the products is verified and the prior date of n-3 will be assigned (‘n’ represents the assigned days of delivery).

Results: Clustering is used to visualize the group of products based on the days of delivery and quantity ordered. This helps in creating the floor space for the on-time delivery of fast-moving products and reducing the manual process for the reordering team. The present work can be used for the procurement of key articles for the fulfillment of customer demands. The combination of K-Means with prediction and classification is giving lesser expected delivery date using RF compared to LR and KNN method.

Limitations: The limitation of the current work is that it is applicable for small scale industries in the developing countries. Also deployment of the application in agricultural sectors allow for greater transparency and accountability in the supply chain.

Practical Implications: Further, the work will also provide recommendations for retail companies looking to implement machine learning algorithms in their supply chain management.

Originality/ Value: The case study developed a model for Retail industries to manage the supplier delivery appointments.

Multi-criteria classification of spare parts in the steel industry

Nuno Miguel Matos Torre — 2025-04-08

Goal: This research addresses the critical challenge of evaluating spare parts inventory in the steel industry to enhance maintenance efficiency and reduce operational costs.

Design/methodology/approach: The study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a widely recognized multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, to develop a robust decision support system. A hierarchical structure of criteria and sub-criteria, along with alternatives (spare parts), was constructed based on an extensive literature review and validated through input from three maintenance and inventory management experts. The system was implemented in a Brazilian steel plant.

Results: The AHP-based framework systematically classified spare parts, emphasizing their criticality. Spare Parts 1 and 2 were categorized as Class B, scoring 0.6 and 0.56, while Spare Parts 3 and 4 were classified as Class A, scoring 0.82 and 0.83. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the AHP methodology in prioritizing spare parts for improved inventory management and decision-making. Sensitivity analysis validated the framework's robustness, demonstrating stable classifications across varying criteria weights.

Limitations of the investigation: While tailored to a Brazilian steel plant, the framework's scalability is evident. Limitations include its reliance on a specific context and the involvement of a limited number of experts, suggesting opportunities for broader validation.

Practical implications: The simplified AHP framework gives managers an accessible tool for classifying spare parts, eliminating the need for complex hybrid methods. It enables efficient decision-making, particularly in industries with high operational demands.

Originality: This research contributes a novel multi-criteria decision-making model for spare parts classification, significantly advancing maintenance efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional single-criterion approaches.

Challenges in data collection for enhancing productivity in Brazilian industrial processes

Haroldo Lhou Hasegawa — 2025-02-05

Goal: To understand the underlying reasons for low productivity in medium-sized metalworking companies and to evaluate the effectiveness of the productivity improvement techniques that have been implemented.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The research adopted an exploratory design, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. This included content analysis and semi-structured interviews with company managers. Twelve medium-sized enterprises in the metalworking sector were selected, and data were collected from thesis projects conducted between 2017 and 2019. The interviews were conducted via phone or video conferencing with managers in 2023.

Results: The findings indicate that productivity improvement techniques, including Lean Six Sigma, PDCA, and Value Stream Mapping, were partially implemented in some companies but were abandoned in others due to the pandemic and internal cultural barriers. Only a minority of companies succeeded in sustaining their productivity programs.

Limitations of the Investigation: The primary limitations include the reluctance of companies to provide detailed data, challenges in maintaining improvement programs due to the pandemic, and restricted access to internal information owing to industrial confidentiality.

Practical Implications: This study underscores the necessity for enhanced methodological strategies to foster company collaboration and robust data collection in productivity research, offering insights into the challenges faced by medium-sized companies in Brazil.

Originality / Value: This research provides a unique comparison of productivity challenges encountered by medium-sized Brazilian companies in the metalworking sector, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus contributing to the discourse on industrial competitiveness and productivity enhancement in developing economies.